Supplier Business

Introduction

A Brief History of Electric Vehicles
Key Aspects of EV Development
New technologies
Potential technology issues
New players, relationships and collaborations
EV as part of a range of powertrain solutions
EVs and new markets
Issues Affecting EV Demand
Consumer demand issues
Fuel economy and CO2 reduction
Fuel prices
Issues Affecting EV Development
Challenges to EV development

EV Technology

Batteries and Energy Storage
Energy and power density
Technology cost
Safety
Lithium chemistries
Other battery chemistries
Major Advanced Battery Suppliers
Ultra-Capacitors
Regenerative Braking

Electric Motors

Motor Technology
DC Motors
Brushed Motors
Synchronous DC Motors
Axial Flux Motors
In-Wheel Motors
Mitsubishi In-wheel motor Electric Vehicle
Honda
Protean Electric
Electric Corner Modules
Michelin’s ActiveWheel electric propulsion system
Continental’s eCorner
Range Extenders
The Electric Vehicles Report
Metals Availability And Cost
Lithium

Grid connectivity and charging infrastructure

Grid connectivity standardisation
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (Evse)
Charging stations
Inductive Charging
Battery exchange systems
Market Development
OEM and Vehicle Programmes
2 & 3 Wheel Vehicles

Supplier Profiles

A123 Systems
AESC
Aleees
Amberjac
Amperex
Axion Power
Blue Energy Japan
BYD
Deutsche Accumtoive
Dow Kokam
Ener1Envia
E-One Moli
European Batteries
Exide Technologies
FZ SoNick
Johnson Controls
LG Chem
Lithium Energy Japan
Panasonic
Primearth Ev Energy
Saft
SB LiMotive
SK Energy
Valence
VK EIG
Winston Battery

List of Tables and Figures

Figure 1: EVs bring changes and opportunities in the value chain
Figure 2: Vehicle size and duty cycle aligned to powertrain
Figure 3: Comparative drivetrain costing per percentage point CO2 reduction
Figure 4: Well-to-wheel CO2 emissions by powertrain including source considerations
Figure 4: Well-to-wheel CO2 emissions by powertrain including source considerations
Figure 6: Expected single-charge range for plug-in hybrids (from buyers at least likely to include the technology before exposure to market price)
Figure 7: Global average driving distance per day (km)
Figure 8: American driving patterns
Figure 9: Passenger vehicle GHG emissions fleet average performance and standards by region
Figure 10: Lifecycle emissions and fuel use per mile for gasoline and EV passenger cars
Figure 11: Annual average price of gasoline and diesel fuel in the US
Figure 12: Fuel efficiency (US) and oil price
Figure 13: Comparison of average well-to-wheel CO2 emissions of ICEs with those of EVs powered by the average EU electricity mix
Figure 14: Fuel chain efficiency rates for ICE and EV vehicles
Figure 15: Number of Electricity Charging Stations by State and Share of US Total within state 2004-08
Figure 16: Installed EV charging stations worldwide 2010 to 2015
Figure 17: Ragone chart – Specific Power versus Specific Energy
Figure 18: Ragone chart including EV technology target
Figure 19: Trends in battery energy density (Wh/kg) based on raw material energy density
Figure 20: Forecast energy density and estimated costs per kWh for lithium-ion
Figure 21: Battery cell costs – Lithium-ion
Figure 22: Battery cell cost reduction targets – lithium-ion
Figure 23: Estimates of battery price development versus volume production
Figure 24: Lithium-ion battery constructions
Figure 25: Lithium-ion prismatic battery design
Figure 26: Diagram of the STAIR (St. Andrews Air) cell
Figure 27: A123 Cell Performance Improvement
Figure 28: BatScap s module
Figure 29: Johnson Controls-Saft Battery Specifications
Figure 30: PEVE Hybrid Vehicle NiMH modules
Figure 31: Ultra-capacitor components
Figure 32: Regenerative Braking System
Figure 33: Temperature at full output torque of 3100 Nm
Figure 34: Switch reluctance machines
Figure 35: Axial flux PM motors
Figure 36: TM4 s in-wheel motor
Figure 37: Goodyear s in-wheel motor
Figure 38: Mitsubishi Evo in-wheel
Figure 39: Mitsubishi In-wheel motor Electric Vehicle (MIEV)
Figure 40: Honda s in-wheel motor
Figure 41: Protean in-wheel system
Figure 42: Continental’s electronic wedge-brake
Figure 43: Michelin s ActiveWheel
Figure 44: Continental’s eCorner
Figure 45: AVL s rotary hybrid powertrain
Figure 46: Rare earth element prices as at May 2010
Figure 47: Lithium demand forecast to 2020
Figure 48: EV/ PHEV electricity demand in the US
Figure 49: Global EV charge point deployment
Figure 50: EV/ PHEV electricity demand by time of day
Figure 51: A utility vision of a smart grid installation
Figure 52: Changes in utility customer relationships
Figure 53: A solar recharging facility in Santa Monica California
Figure 54: A schematic showing smart grid connectivity elements
Figure 55: Electric vehicles and smart grids - cars as appliances
Figure 56: Battery recharge and exchange systems
Figure 57: A Toyota Prius PHEV using a road side charging facility in London
Figure 58: Different options for grid connection
Figure 59: GE s WattStation electric vehicle charging station
Figure 60: Interaction through the Smart Grid
Figure 61: Better Place battery exchange system
Figure 62: EV market forecast
Figure 63: EV market forecast
Figure 64: Growth of EV charging facilities in China
Figure 65: Plugged-in vehicle market forecast – business as expected scenario

Table 1: Major Battery Suppliers’ OEM Relationships
Table 2: Major Battery Suppliers Chemistries
Table 3: BatScap LMP Battery Characteristics
Table 4: PEVE Hybrid Vehicle NiMH modules